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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

E. J. HARLING & E. HARTMANN.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

No. 268,224. E5631 Patented Nov. 28, 1882.

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3 Sheets-Sheet 2. E. J. HARLING & E. HARTMANN.

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Patented Nov. 28, 1882.

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ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

(No Model.)

Imlo-Lvlhagraphan Washington D C UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HAR'LHANN, or LONDON, ENGLAND.

ELECTRIC-ARC LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 268,224, dated November 28, 1882.

Application filed July 15, 1882.

(No model.) Patented in England August 11, 1881, No. 3,473, and in France February 11, 1882,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, ERNEST JOHN HARL- me and EMIL HARTMANN, both of London, England, have jointly invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric Lamps, part of which improvements are applicable to other purposes, (for which we have obtained a patent in Great Britain, No. 3,473, hearing date August 11, 1881,) of which the following is a specification.

This invention consists in the combination and arrangement of mechanism for regulating automatically the relative position of the electrodes or points of the carbons employed in electric lamps, whereby such object is effected in a more regular and continuous mannerthan is the case when arrangements of mechanism as ordinarily constructed are used. That part of the said invention which relates to the arrangement ot a brake is also applicable to other analogous purposes.

Thisinvention consists mainly in the employment of a rotating armature of soft iron, (preferablyin the form of a ring or disk,) which isplaced in connection with the carbon holders, or one ofthem, for the purpose of actuating the carbons, or one of them, either by means of toothed wheels and racks attached to both or one of the said carbon-holders, as is customary in electric regulator-lamps, as will be well understood, or the carbon-holders, or one of them, can be suspended by cords wound off and on drums or fusees, the latter being connected and actuated by a train of wheels, or in some cases by a worm formed on the spindle of the said armature and a wheel on the axle of the said drums or fusees.

W'e will now proceed to'describe our invention when drums or fusees are employed, as lastly referred to. On the spindle of the rotating armature is a pinion gearinginto a toothed wheel mounted on the spindleofthe said l'usees. The cord suspending the positive carbon is wound on the larger i'usee in one direction, and the cord suspending the negative carbon is wound on the smaller fusee in the opposite direction, so that when actuated one cord will be wound off and the other on. The cord supporting the negative-carbon holder is guided over a small pulley carried by a bar-armature attached to one end of a lever, which is snitably pivoted to the frame. To the opposite end of the said lever is connected an adjustable spring, to act as a counter-balance to the weight of the lower carbon and to partially counteract the attraction of two electro-magnets, which form part of the main circuit of the lamp, and are provided with wire helices of comparatively low resistance, and are so arranged that thenorth pole of oneand the south pole of the other attract the before-mentioned banarmature, while their opposite ends face the rotating armature, which revolves in close proximity thereto. Another clectro-magnet wound with helices of fine wire havinga high resistance is arranged to face the opposite side of the rotating armature. The last-mentioned magnet should be made adjustable by means of screws, so that it may be approached to or moved away from the rotating armature, as desired. In some cases a brakeis constructed and arranged to act on the periphery of the rotating armature, as hereinafter described.

\Ve will now proceed to refer to Sheets I. and II of the accompanying drawings, in which the same letters of referenceimlicate like parts in all the figures, and from which the nature of our said invention will be clearly understood.

Figure l is a section of the mechanism of the lamp, taken longitudinally through the electro-magnets. Fig. 2 is a view at rightangles to the lastanentioned tigure of a portion of the mechanism. Fig. 3 is a plan of the said mechanism. Fig. at shows our novel brake arrangement combined with the rotating armature, as hereinafter described; and Fig. 5 shows a modification in the arrangement of the mechanism, the electro-magnets N S and N S being shown arranged to act on the periphery of the rotating armature by means of semicircular pole-pieces P 1 inclosing the same. The said pole-pieces are made adjustable by being connected to the poles of the magnets by means of screws passing through slots, as shown in Fig. 5. In this case the magnet a s, on which the finc-wirc helices are wound, is arranged to lace the said semicircular pole-pieces, so as to produce opposite polarityinthe latter, and thereby weaken their attraction on the disk or rotating armature on any increase in the resistance of the are occurring. .Ve attach a movable soft-irou piece, 7., to one of the said polepicces, so as to project over the space separating the poles, and by regulating the distance between the said piece is and the pole-piece opposite the power of the magnets N S and N S, and consequently their attraction on the armature, can be increased or decreased at will, and by arranging the said piece It so as to touch both pole-pieces the power of the said magnets on the armature can be entirely destroyed, and the more the distance between the piece 7; and the pole-piece to which it is not attached is increised the greater will be the influence of the pole-pieces P I on the armature. By these means the lamp can be adjusted for weaker or stronger currents, as may be required. The arrangement of the magnets and pole-pieces lastly described is illustrated in Figs. 5. 6, and 7. The rotating armature, although shown in the before-mentioned figures in the form of a disk, can be varied in shape, as will be well understood, one form which is equally suitable being shown at Fig. 8, or it may be in the form of a ring.

A is the rotating armature, and s is the spindle thereof.

Ff are the l'usees.

()n the spindle s? is the pinion p, gearing into the-wheel ton the spindle of the fusees. 'lhe lever 00, which is pivoted at .70, has attached to it the bar-armature m, carrying the roller 7*, over which is carried the cord from the smaller i'useef, and s is the adjustable spring attached to the other end of the lever.

N S and N S are the two first-mentioned electro-magnets, and a s is the electro-magnet with the fine-wire helix.

E is the frame of the apparatus.

The electric current passes through the helices ot' the electro-magnets N S and N S, and thence through the carbons. The fine-wire helices ot' the electro-magnet n 8, being connected with the two terminals or other equivalent part of the lamp, constitute a branch circuit independent of the main circuit through the electro-maguets N S and N S and the carbons.

\Vhen an electric current passes through the lamp the electro-magnets N S and N S will attract the armature m downward in opposition to the spring 8. Such downward movement of the armature m, and consequently of the roller 1', will lower the lower carbon, and thus separate the carbon points, thereby establishing the arc. The weight of the upper carbon acting on the periphery of the larger fusee it tends to make the carbons approach each other; but such movement is regulated by the attraction of the electro-maguets N S and N S on the disk-armature A, preventing the same from revolving, thus arrestin the feeding mechanism and keeping the carbons separated. As the carbon points are consumed the length of the arc becomes greater and the resistance increases. Consequently the current passing through the fine-wire branch circuit of the elcctro-maguet as will increase,and with it the magnetism of the said magnet, until such increased magnetism counteracts the attraction of the electro-inagnets N S and N S on the rotating armature and leaves the latter free to revolve, thus allowing the carbons to approach each other, and thereby decreasing the length and lessening the resistance of the arc until the current in the main circuit, and therewith the clectro-magnets N S and N S, become suflicieutly powerful to again arrest the diskarmature A, as above described. The armature in remains for a certain time in the position to which it is attracted by the electromagnets; but as thelength ofthe arc increases and the strength of the magnetism on the magnets N S and N S decreases the said armature in gradually moves away until its rests against the stop It. Any further decrease in the cur-rent through the consumption 01" the carbons will be rcctilied by the rotating armature; but in the event of the rotating armature bringing the carbons too close together they are again separated by the attraction of the electro-magnets N S and N S on the armature in, the disk-armature A slowly revolving as the carbons are consumed. From the above description it will be readily seen that the mechanism ot'lauips constructed in accordance with our said invention possesses great sensitiveness and as ma netic attraction is the IOO ism above described, we in some cases dispense with the before-mentioned lever .70 and attach the spring 8 directly to the bar-armature m, which moves up and down two pins or studs, c I), attached to the magnets N S and N S or to the pole-pieces P l, the said pins or studs passing through apertures in the armature 111. This arrangement is shown in Figs. 6, 7, and 9. The lever is in some cases provided with an adjustable stop, 1, which presses on the periphery of the disk-armature A when the armature m is attracted too l'ar. The spring s must be so adjusted that the electro-magnets N S and N S attract the armature at only so far as will enable the stop (1 just to clear the disk-armature A, as it is not intended that the stop q should arrest or assist in arresting the disk-armature, but only come into contact with the same when, through a sudden increase in the strength ofthe current, the tin-mature m is attracted downward beyond its normal position. 4

We will now proceed to refer to Sheet III of the accompanying drawings,in which arcillustrated a series of modifications of portions of the invention, as hereinbet'ore describerhaud shown in Sheets I and II.

Fig. 10 is a view ot'a lamp constructed in accordance with our said invention, in which the pole-pieces ol" the magnets N S and N S are shown in the form of a ring surroiniding the rotating armature. 1]. is a section of the same, taken longitudinally through the center,

showing a worm formed on the axle s ol'lhe. rotating armature for actuating the wheel 25. Fig. 12 is a plan of the same, and Fig.1.; illustrates a modification of the brake b.

O and U are insulating-plates, and y 3 the pillars supporting the same; and E is a frame of metal, on which is mounted the regulating mechanism. The magnets N S and N S and n s are substantially arranged and act in the same manner as hereinbefore described, with the exception that the pole-pieces I" P are shown made in one ring-piece, 1 the same being arranged concentrically outside of the rotating armature A, whichin this case is shown in the form of a ring mounted on the periphery ofa brass disk, a, which is mounted concen trically on the spindle s", pivoted at one end to the frame E and at the other end to the bracket 1', attached to the armature I.

The spindle 8X is provided with a worm, w, gearing into the teeth formed on the periphery of the wheel t. The said wheel t,together with the fusees (or drums) Ff, is mounted on aspindle, 0, pivoted to the two brackets B and B, which are attached to the frame E. It will be observed that in this case the spindle c is at right angles with the spindle 8X, while when a pinion is employed, as shown in Sheet I' 01 the accompanying drawings, the two spindles are parallel. The fusees F f are rigidly attached to the spindle 0,while the toothed wheel It turns loosely on the latter, the wheel t being provided with a ratchet-wheel and the fusee F with a click. This arrangement allows, by turning the key Z, the cord to be wound on the fusees when the carbons are consumed.

R is a conducting-rod, which is attached at one end to the frame E and at the other to the plate U. The carbon-holder H",with the positive or upper carbon, slides along the rod R by means of two contact-rollers, L k. The said carbon-holder H and positive carbon O are suspended by a flexible cord, (ofany suitable nature, such as cord orchain,) one end of which is attached on the fusee I and having been wound on the latter, the cord is taken down round a pulley, 1', (attached to H2) when it is.

again taken up and its other end attached to an arm, a, extending from the soft-iron armature m, which is attached to levers :r, pivoted to the frame at ac and A My, 6, is by preference mounted on the spindle 0, in order to prevent the armature A (6 from acquiring too much momentum.

V is a guide-roller for the positive carbon.

sis an adjustable spring, acting on the levers m in opposition to the attraction of N S and N S on the armature 'm.

g h are two adjustable stops, by which the stroke of the armature m, and therewith the length of the arc, is regulated.

The electric current enters the lamp at D*, and passes through the rod R, holder H, and carbons 0 and 0* to the pillar y, and thence through the coils of the magnets N S and N S to the terminal D1 The coils of the magnet n 8 form, as will be well understood, a clr cuit between I) and I) independently of the magnet N S and N S and carbons (1 and G". In the case of their being no current the carbons will be together; but on the admission of a current the magnets N S and N S will draw up the armature m, and consequent y the holder II and carbon 0 thereby separating the carbons and establishing the are. As the are grows longer, owing to the consumption of the carbons, the current decreases, and therewith the magnetism in the magnets N S and N S, until the said magnets become too weak to overcome the tension of the springs. Consequently the armature m, and therewith the leterx, will be released until the latter rests against the stop It. The are will then have obtained its noxm-al length. It',. however, any further length of cord is required, it will be furnished by the rotation of armature A. lithe same, however, should feed too much, the armature m is in readiness to be drawn up again, and thus to lengthen the are and establish normal conditions.

In some cases a modified form ol" brake b is employed, as shown in Fig. 13 of the drawings. In this case two small pole-pieces, d and c, extend from the inner periphery of the pole-piece P into close proximity to the periphery ot' the armature A, so as to magnetize the. latter sutliciently to attract the brake b.

The armature A should be as light as possible and mathennttically true on the spindle a.

The worm w is by preference a coarse-thread worm,and the wheel t has corresponding coarse teeth.

The magnets N S and N S may be, in addition to their coarse-wire coils, wound also with fine-wire coils in the same circuit as the coils of a s, so as to render them more sensitive in the variations of the current; or we in some cases wind the line-wire coils on the magnets N S and N S in a corresponding circuit of those of .the magnets a s and dispense with the latter. In single-circuit lamps the electromagnet n 8, and therewith the branch circuit, may be dispensed with.

Instead of arranging both carbons to move as above described, the lower carbon is in some cases made stationary. In such case only one fusee or drtnn--that from which the positive carbon is suspendcd-will be required, the cord on which is guided over the pulley r, the armature at being placed below the electro-magnets NSand N S, so as to be attracted upward, thereby raising the upper carbon and establishing the are.

In some cases, in addition to the mechanism above described, we arrange an automatic magnetic brake in connection with the rotating armature A, as shown in Fig.5,and such brake consists of'asmall soft-iron lever, Z), pivoted or hinged to the frame or attachment thereof, the action of such arrangement being as follows: The rotating armature A, when under the influence ot' the magnets, itselt becomes an indnced magnet,and willattract thelever I); but the attractionis to a certain degree counteri endear acted by the spring 5. When the magnetism is strong the rotatingarmature will attract the bl'tllit, b and arrestitself; butwhen the current and magnetism become weakened beyond a certain degree the tension of the springs will overcome the attraction of the disk-armature and will pull the brake 1) off the periphery of the same and leave itt'ree to revolve. Amoditication ot" the said brake Z) is shown in Fig.13.

When the rotating armature hereinbet'ore described is employed in connection with a rack or racks for actuating the caibon or carbons, any suitable and known arrangcmentot' racks may be employed,andthe said rachs may be arranged to gear either directly into the pinion on the spindle of the rotating armature A, or they may be placed in connection therewith through the medium of a train of wheels. p

\Ye are aware that a rotating armature has: been rotated in one direction by an electromagnet to separate the carbons of an arc-lain p, and in the opposite direction by another electro-magnct to feed forward one of the carbons,

said armature mm ingalso laterallyalternately in opposite directions, and we lay no claim to such a lamp.

\Vhat we claim is- 1. In an electriclamp, the combination,with the rotating armature, having no sidewise movement, and carried by a shaft rotated by the weight of the carbons, of the low-resistance electroinagnet in the main circuit, arranged to arrest the rotation of said armature, the highresistance electro-magnet in a derived circuit,

arranged to counteract the in licence of said lowresistance magnetupon the said armature, and

a separate armature arranged to separate the carbons, substantially z sdescribed, and for the purpose set forth.

2. In an electric lamp, the combinatiomwith the shaft carryingthedifi'erential tuseesand the upper and lower carbons, connected respect ively with said fusces by cords or chains, of a rotating armature mounted on a shaft connected by motion-transmitting devices with the shalt carrying said t'usees, an electro-magnet in the main circuit, arranged to act upon said r0- iating armature, and a helix in a derived circuit, a1 anged to counteract the attraction of said magnet, substantially as described.

3. The combination, with the dit t'erential tusecs, the carbons connected with the said t'usces, respectively, by cords, the rotary armature connected with said fusees byintermediate mechanism,the main-circuit magnet arranged to act upon said rotary armature, and the additional armature controlled by said magnet and looselyengagcd with the cord or chain by which one of the carbons is suspended, substantially as and for the purpose setforth.

4. The combination, with the differential fusees, the carbons suspended therein respectively, and the shalt carrying said t'usees,ot' the rotary armature connected with saidshaft,the low-resistance electro-magnet in the main circuit, ar'anged to act upon said rotary armature, the electro-magnet of higher resistance in a drrived ciicuit, and arranged to counteract the action of said magnet ot'loiv resistance upon said rotary armature, and the additional armature, arranged for attraction bysaid magnet of low resistance, and having a loose or slip engagement with the suspending cord or chain of one of the carbons between the said carbon and the t'usee to which the end is connected, substantially as described, and for the purposes set forth.

5. The combination, with the rotary armature and the two electroniagnets,arranged to act oppositely upon the same, of the brake arranged to be attracted into contact by said armature, and suitable means for retracting said brake, substantially as described.

E. J. HARLING. EMIL Il'AltTMANN. Witnesses:

Gno. S. Vane-nan, U. WALL,

Bot/1 of 67 Chancery Lane, London. 

